Managemental Diseases in Poultry Part 1

 There are different managemental diseases in Poultry. we will discuss these diseases step by step.

Ventral Prolapse

Egg Bound

Vent Pecking

Ventral Prolapse:

Ventral prolapse is (also known as Oviduct Prolapse, Blowout, Cloacal Prolapse and Pick out) a condition in which lower part of hen's oviduct turns inside out and protrudes through the vent. Prolapse is very serious condition that can be treated if diagnose early, but is likely to recur. 

Causes:

1.   Imbalance Weight:

Under Weight Birds:

    Birds with smaller BW during 3-6 weeks of age, upon reaching maturity have smaller skeletal frame, smaller cloacal diameter. when egg is laid the hen exerts force due to which injuries occur in cloacal muscles. Oviduct come out of cloaca and fail to retract. sometimes oviduct is also accompanied by intestines.

Overweight Birds:

    Overweight in 10-15 weeks of age when photo-stimulated produce larger eggs than the standard. this leads to rupture of cloacal muscles and results in prolapse.

2. Over Photo-stimulation:

    Birds at 13-15 weeks are over photo-stimulated by high intensity and longer duration particularly in under weight birds. Instead of multiple increments of short periods of light duration more light is given in short time. The birds body weight lags its egg production and narrow cloaca is inflicted with injuries leading to Prolapse. 

High light intensity more than 50 lux in open sided houses. More than 15 lux in light-controlled houses also causes Ventral Prolapse. 

3. High Energy High Protein Feed:

    Egg production and size develops at faster rate and larger eggs lead injuries to the cloacal muscles causing Prolapse.

4. Minerals and Vitamin Deficiency:

Calcium Deficiency (Calcium Tetany):

    Birds come into production at a faster rate and lower feed intake causes Ca deficiency in birds. It leads to contraction of cloacal muscles (Ca Tetany). Lesser dilation of cloacal muscles results in injuries and tears of cloacal wall leading to prolapse.

Vit. D3, Phosphorus Deficiency:

    Leads to lesser absorption of Ca.

Prevention and Treatment:

1. Do not overstimulate the birds by increased light duration and intensity.

2. Maintain the BW as per standards of Breed particularly in 3-6 week of age.

3. Do not overweight the birds from 12-16 weeks of age.

4. Provide extra Calcium during peak production. 

5. Do not give high protein high energy feed during production.