Key points of Poultry diseases

Disease	Etiology	Important points
Avian tuberculosis	Mycobacterium avium	Older birds usually affected ,Tubercles on different organs .Prominent keel bone ,acid fast staining
Avian spirochetosis	Borelia anserina	High body temperature. Watery greenish diarrhea Presence of Argas percicus, bluish comb ,splenomegaly
Clostridial infections
Necrotic enteritis	Cl.Perfringens	Reddish dark color diarrhea  that is some time confused with coccidiosis ,Turkish towel appearance
Ulcerative enteritis	Cl.Colinum	Ulcers on intestine ,watery diarrhea
Gangrenous dermatitis	Cl.Septicum	Gases and serosanguinus fluid under skin, gangrene area under skin
Botulism	Cl.Botulinum	Limber neck ( flaccid paralysis)
Salmonella infections
Pullorum disease	Salmonella Pullorum	Young age, non-motile, host specific, chalky white diarrhea ,mushy chicks ,hock joint abscess, cecal cores,10-15 % egg infected. Horizontal + vertical transmission.
Fowl typhoid	Salmonella Gallinarum	Host specific non motile, Sulphur color diarrhea ,grower and adult birds Bronze coppery color liver, 80-90% egg infected Horizontal + vertical transmission.
Fowl paratyphoid	Salmonella typhimurium Salmonella enteritidis	Motile, non host specific, watery diarrhea, young age, cecal casts, button type nodules on intestine Horizontal + vertical transmission.
Collobacilosis	E.coli	Motile, pan systemic disease, coli septicemia, coli granuloma, Hjjarre’s disease in turkeys White fibrin layer on heart, liver, CCRD
Infectious Coryza	Hemophilus Paragalinarum	Disease of URT, foul smelling discharge from eyes and nostrils ,sticky and watery eyes. Roup (weeping birds)conjunctivitis ,sinusitis ,facial edema ,swollen head ,swollen comb and wattles
Fowl cholera	Pastreulla multocida	Adult birds, swollen wattle, edema of throat. Watery greenish diarrhea ,hunched up position,discharge from mouth Corn meal liver
Mycoplasmosis (CRD)	Mycoplasma gallisepticum	URT+ LRT, airsaculitis ,cheesy exudates on air sacs ,foamy appearance of air sacs .Frey’s medium, PPLO broth  .fried egg colonies ,CCRD ,razor blade keel bone .Horizontal + vertical transmission .
Brooder pneumonia	Aspergillus fumigatus, aspergillus flavis	Gasping ,miliary tubercle on lungs (pin head to pea size) usually brooding age
Candidiasis (thrush)	Candida albicane	Ulcer in mouth & esophagus ,crop .curd like appearance of crop ,thickened crop
Mycotoxicosis	Aflatoxins, ochratoxin, trichothesens, etc.	Atrophy of immune organs, (bursa, thymus) pale swollen hemorrhagic liver. Hemorrhages on body. koilen layer easily peeled off . Bloody thigh syndrome ,lazy leukocyte syndrome
Coccidiosis	E. acervulina E. brunette     .E. praecox E. maxima E. mitis E. mivati        E .necatrix E. hagani        E.tenella	Host specific, site specific, Pin point hemorrhages on intestine (Frank hemorrhages), blood in intestine ceca   become engorged with blood. Bloody diarrhea.
Black head (Histomoniasis )	Histomonas meleagridis	Characterized by black head & circular necrotic liver lesions ( Bull eye lesions )
Internal parasite of poultry GIT	Cappilarea annulata, cappilarea contorta (cappilariasis ) Ascaradia galli (ascariasis) Davenia, Rellitena (tapeworm)Hetarekis gallinarum	Less efficient utilization of feed. Hemorrhagic enteritis, diarrhea, emaciation, loss of weight & egg production. Intestinal blockage in severe infections. Occasional finding of A. galli in hen’s egg due to migration of worm to oviduct via cloaca & subsequent inclusion in egg.
Internal parasite of poultry respiratory system	Syngamus trachea Gap worm/ ( Gap,syngamiasis) /Forked worm/ Y-shaped worms	Diffuse or focal tracheitis, gasping, dyspnea & head shaking due to physical blockage of airways. Signs resemble laryngotracheitis